At the bottom of VMS-producing systems are subvolcanic intrusions that act as a heat source to drive the hydrothermal fluids. Phaneritic Made from: Pyroxene Mafic Intrusive. They tend to have high Silicon content, also known as Silica content. These minerals are high in magnesium and ferric oxides, and their presence gives mafic rock its characteristic dark colour. Before cooling, mafic lava has a very low viscosity. Obsidian is volcanic glass which erupts as a lava flow. Granite is a felsic … The felsic end is lighter due to the preponderance of the more lightly hued silica. 26. This is why continental rocks are felsic and oceanic rocks are mafic. Blocks are about 10-25 cm in width. Mafic vs Felsic . Because of their high silica content, felsic lavas do not behave like the mafic, or silica-poor, lavas we see on the island of Hawaii. Because of their high viscosity, felsic magmas do not reach the surface as often as do intermediate or mafic magmas. The geochemical variation of both the felsic and mafic schists indicate the sources were variably weathered, which is supported by their whole rock δ 18 O (VSMOW) values of > + 11 (Table 20.2). [13], Within the volcanic conduits of explosive volcanoes the volcanic breccia environment merges into the intrusive breccia environment. Breccia-hosted ore deposits are quite common.[17]. Both these volcanos are notorious for how explosive and deadly their eruptions where. Bimodal volcanism, which is where a volcanic system extrudes both mafic and felsic materials (basalts and rhyolites) rather than some intermediate form (dacites) are known and occur in the rock record. The morphology of breccias associated with ore deposits varies from tabular sheeted veins and clastic dikes associated with overpressured sedimentary strata, to large-scale intrusive diatreme breccias (breccia pipes), or even some synsedimentary diatremes formed solely by the overpressure of pore fluid within sedimentary basins. Most obsidian is felsic in composition, yet typically it will have a very dark color (dark brown to black). Most mafic lava volcanoes are oceanic volcanoes, like Hawaii. The intrusive equivalent of basalt. 30. Mafic Volcanoes: volcanoes that produce mafic lava have a very low explosivity due to the how easily the lava flows and how few volatiles (such as oxygen and silicon) are present within the lava. In addition, the sudden opening of a cavity causes rock at the sides of the fault to destabilise and implode inwards, and the broken rock gets caught up in a churning mixture of rock, steam and boiling water. In geology, felsic is an adjective describing igneous rocks that are relatively rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz. In the mesothermal regime, at much greater depths, fluids under lithostatic pressure can be released during seismic activity associated with mountain building. 2d), It was regarded by the Romans as an especially precious stone and was often used in high-profile public buildings. The mafic, plutonic rock has Select crystals, Select) silica, and is Select in color. When used to describe the characteristics of lava, mafic lava would mean that it is runnier or more viscous as opposed to the felsic lava. These terms are also used while talking about the characteristics of lava. In some cases, felsic volcanic rocks may contain phenocrysts of mafic minerals, usually hornblende, pyroxene or a feldspar mineral, and may need to be named after their phenocryst mineral, such as 'hornblende-bearing felsite'. Magma vs lava: both are forms of liquid rock; that is rock before it is solidified, with lava being liquid rock on the surface of the earth and magma being liquid rock underground. VMS DEPOSITS (cont’d) The combination of base- and precious-metals maintains the importance of VMS deposits through the metals economic cycle. Felsic and mafic rocks, division of igneous rocks on the basis of their silica content. These are similar to tectonic breccias. [5], Sedimentary breccia is a type of clastic sedimentary rock which is made of angular to subangular, randomly oriented clasts of other sedimentary rocks. Most mafic lava volcanoes are oceanic volcanoes, like Hawaii. [citation needed] Collapse breccias also form by dissolution of underlying evaporite beds. Volcanic Breccia is a gray to green extrusive igneous rock. Rhyolite: felsic with an aphanitic texture (so fine-grained that their component mineral crystals are not detectable by the unaided eye) Basalt porphyry: mafic with a porphyritic texture (containing distinct crystals or crystalline particles embedded in a fine-grained groundmass) View all Is Obsidian mafic or ultramafic? The below picture is of Mount Saint Hellens, the ash billowing from the mount of the volcano shows just how deadly these volcanoes are. Gabbro. In some cases, felsic volcanic rocks may contain phenocrysts of mafic minerals, usually hornblende, pyroxene or a feldspar mineral, and may need to be named after their phenocryst mineral, such as 'hornblende-bearing felsite'. Pseudotachylitic breccia in mafic and felsic rocks Kovaleva, Elizaveta; Huber, Matthew S. Abstract. Granite is a felsic rock . Bibhuti Gogoi. Breccia may occur along a buried stream channel where it indicates accumulation along a juvenile or rapidly flowing stream. Breccia was used for column bases in the Minoan palace of Knossos on Crete in about 1800 BC. Examining the Processes and Creatures of the Past that Shape our Modern World. Impact-produced pseudotachylitic breccia (PTB) is abundant in the core of the Vredefort impact structure and was found in many pre-impact lithologies (e.g., Reimold and Colliston, 1994; Gibson et al., 1997). However, this only applies to volcanic rocks. accumulation of rocks which fall through the magma chamber from the roof, forming chaotic remnants; This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 04:52. Expert Answer 100% (1 rating) Previous question Next question Get more help from Chegg. JSON. Popular Asks. The term “felsic” refers to the high content of quartz laden feldspar minerals in the lava. In comparison with mafic rocks, felsic rocks are much lighter and as a result “float” higher in the lithosphere then mafic rocks. Kidston) Maar / Diatreme / Volcanic complexes (e.g. These are terms that are used by geologists to describe igneous rocks based upon their silica content. Heterogeneous layered metavolcanic sequence includes crystal and lithic tuff, dacite porphyry, chert, phyllite, and greenstone metabasalt; greenschist-facies metamorphic mineral assemblages occur in the various lithologies. It is lithified colluvium or scree. Hydrothermal breccias usually form at shallow crustal levels (<1 km) between 150 and 350 °C, when seismic or volcanic activity causes a void to open along a fault deep underground. Mafic Magmas: The rocks that form from this type of magma are representative of the ocean sea floor. On their journey, high-pressure fluids crack rock by hydrofracturing, forming an angular in situ breccia. In a karst terrain, a collapse breccia may form due to collapse of rock into a sinkhole or in cave development. Geochemical constraints on the evolution of mafic and felsic rocks in the Bathani volcanic and volcano-sedimentary sequence of Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex. It is a tuff breccia according to the classification diagram above. Igneous clastic rocks can be divided into two classes: Volcanic pyroclastic rocks are formed by explosive eruption of lava and any rocks which are entrained within the eruptive column. When particularly intense, the rock may appear as a chaotic breccia. Here is a video explaining the differences between mafic and felsic lava in a much more visually appealing way. Tuff is a popular building stone where it is available because it is relatively easy to cut and shape. Common mafic rocks include basalt and gabbro. The mechanisms involved in the process of forming this rock remain highly debated, and various authors have discussed many possible models. Thick sequences of sedimentary (colluvial) breccia are generally formed next to fault scarps in grabens. Igneous rocks 1. There are two types of felsic lava: rhyolite and dacite. This forms shield volcanoes, which are gently sloping large volcanoes like those in Hawaii. Many types of marble are brecciated, such as Breccia Oniciata or Breche Nouvelle. 37. These two types of rock, which include felsic and mafic rocks, are important for distinguishing between volcano types and depositional environments. See the answer. Talat Ahmad. Because tuffs and breccias require lots of ash to form, most tuffs and breccias are intermediate or felsic in composition. Mafic lava, before cooling, has a low viscosity, in comparison with felsic lava, due to the lower silica content in mafic magma. Felsic and mafic rocks, division of igneous rocks on the basis of their silica content. ( Log Out / A conglomerate, by contrast, is a sedimentary rock composed of rounded fragments or clasts of pre-existing rocks. Name: Peridotite Texture: Sedimentary breccia is a type of clastic sedimentary rock which is made of angular to subangular, randomly oriented clasts of other sedimentary rocks. Clastic rocks are also commonly found in shallow subvolcanic intrusions such as porphyry stocks, granites and kimberlite pipes, where they are transitional with volcanic breccias. Intermediate rocks are roughly even mixtures of felsic minerals and mafic minerals. In some cases, felsic volcanic rocks may contain phen… A rock with a pyroclastic texture is termed a tuff if the largest fragments are less than 2.5 inches long, a volcanic breccia if the fragments are larger. Download PDF. Volcano: A volcano is a break in earths crust that allows gasses and hot magma to escape from below to the surface. In order for a rock to be classified as felsic, it generally needs to contain more than 75% felsic minerals; namely quartz, orthoclase and plagioclase. Diorite. Bailes and Syme (1989) subdivided the rocks of the Flin Flon area into structural blocks. ABSAROKA VOLCANIC SUPERGROUP: THOROFARE CREEK GROUP (AGE 44 TO 49 Ma)--Light-colored volcaniclastic strata, andesite lava flows, and dark-brown breccia AND SUNLIGHT GROUP--including Trout Peak Trachyandesite, Wapiti Formation (andesitic volcaniclastic rocks), Crescent Hill Basalt, and Mount Wallace Formation (felsic and mafic volcaniclastic rocks). Summary: 1.Mafic lava is more viscous than felsic lava. The classification of mafic and felsic is done based on the chemical composition of rocks. In some cases, felsic volcanic rocks may contain phenocrysts of mafic minerals, usually hornblende, pyroxene or a feldspar mineral, and may need to be named after their phenocryst mineral, such as 'hornblende-bearing felsite'. Relict primary volcanic textures are recognizable where metamorphic grade is low (Henika, 1975; 1977). The rocks that are rich in feldspar and quartz are felsic whereas the rocks that are rich in magnesium and iron are mafic. 17. ‘The present day volumetric variation in the amount of mafic and felsic volcanic rocks preserved in the Parana and Etendeka provinces is interesting.’ ‘The rocks of the complex show an overall trend of decreasing mafic minerals and increasing felsic minerals spatially from west to east.’ felsic to mafic: glass (no minerals) obsidian: Note: Obsidian that is transparent at thin edges and has good conchoidal fracture is probably felsic. Impact breccia, a type of impactite, forms during the process of impact cratering when large meteorites or comets impact with the Earth or other rocky planets or asteroids. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Faulting, especially cross-faulting, and structural complexity; boulder tracing; gossans, if pyrite-rich. There is little or no quartz. This paper. containing over 75% clasts larger than 64 mm (White and . [ Select ] ['felsic', 'intermediate', 'mafic'] What is the texture of R6? Felsic rocks are igneous rocks that are rich in feldspar and silicon. Mafic and Felsic Volcanic Rocks. In turn, felsic magma is associated with the volatile stratovolcano characterized by Plinian eruptions (mushroom cloud) followed by a deadly pyroclastic flow of hot ash, gas, and lava. This is one of the deadliest types of volcanoes for humans. Turbidites occur as fine-grained peripheral deposits to sedimentary breccia flows. A particularly striking example can be seen in the Pantheon in Rome, which features two gigantic columns of pavonazzetto, a breccia from Phrygia (in modern Turkey). 2.Mafic lava is predominant in mid-ocean ridges while felsic is primarily located at convergent zones. First, the rule does not work for glassy igneous rocks. This may include rocks plucked off the wall of the magma conduit, or physically picked up by the ensuing pyroclastic surge. These low temperature lava flows have a high viscosity, which clogs the inner workings of volcanoes trapping and compounding gases. 24. The below picture is of the felsic rock granite. [2], Sedimentary breccia consists of angular, poorly sorted, immature fragments of rocks in a finer grained groundmass which are produced by mass wasting. Igneous rock - Granite - Mafic - Quartz - Rhyolite - Magma - Orthoclase - Albite - Felsite - Volcano - Tonalite - Volcanic rock - Obsidian - Pumice - Archean felsic volcanic rocks - Breccia - Geology - Feldspar - Magnesium - Iron - Silicate minerals - Rock (geology) - Silicon - Oxygen - Aluminium What is mafic magma? The term volcanic breccia is used as a general or field term applying to all coarse-grained rocks containing abundant (>10%) angular volcanic fragments. Impact breccia may be identified by its occurrence in or around a known impact crater, and/or an association with other products of impact cratering such as shatter cones, impact glass, shocked minerals, and chemical and isotopic evidence of contamination with extraterrestrial material (e.g., iridium and osmium anomalies). Igneous rocks consist of primarily 12 types of oxides. Obsidian, which is volcanic glass, is usually black, even though it has a felsic composition. The term felsic describes igneous rocks that are relatively rich in the elements that form quartz and feldspar. The chemical name of a felsic rock is given according to the TAS classification of Le Maitre (1975). rocks. The color rule states that the more mafic the rock, the darker it is. These types of rocks are generally light colors as well. The word has its origins in the Italian language, in which it means "rubble". Felsic Magmas: The rocks that form from this type of magma are representative of continental rocks. The resulting breccia is uniform in rock type and chemical composition. Is pumice felsic intermediate or mafic? 3 Sub-volcanic Breccia Pipes (e.g. Rocks with greater than 90% felsic minerals can also be called leucocratic, meaning 'light-coloured'.Template:Citation needed Felsite is a petrologic field term used to refer to very fine-grained or aphanitic, light-colored volcanicrocks which might be later reclassified after a more detailed microscopic or chemical analysis. A short summary of this paper. Rock composed of broken fragments cemented by a matrix, Sedimentary breccia consists of angular, poorly sorted, immature fragments of rocks in a finer grained groundmass which are produced by, sfn error: no target: CITEREFFisherSchminke1984 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFAllaby2012 (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Early Miocene Markagunt Megabreccia: Utah's largest catastrophic landsline", "Geologic map of the Valles caldera, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico", 10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[79:COVBAD]2.0.CO;2, 10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<701:ERAAMA>2.0.CO;2, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breccia&oldid=995091721, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from February 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Broken, fragmental rocks associated with volcanic eruptions, both of the, consumption and melt-mingling with wall rocks, where the. Bibhuti Gogoi. Mesothermal deposits are often mined for gold. This produces an alloclastic volcanic breccia.[14][15]. Igneous rock - Granite - Mafic - Quartz - Rhyolite - Magma - Orthoclase - Albite - Felsite - Volcano - Tonalite - Volcanic rock - Obsidian - Pumice - Archean felsic volcanic rocks - Breccia - Geology - Feldspar - Magnesium - Iron - Silicate minerals - Rock (geology) - Silicon - Oxygen - Aluminium Now comes the point of felsic or mafic. If boiling occurs, methane and hydrogen sulfide may be lost to the steam phase, and ore may precipitate. ( Log Out / ... of mafic enclaves in some felsic j uvenile clasts (Fig. Download Full PDF Package. They are typical of the epithermal ore environment and are intimately associated with intrusive-related ore deposits such as skarns, greisens and porphyry-related mineralisation. Breccia is most often used as an ornamental or facing material in walls and columns. If the rock is analyzed and found to be felsic … The angular shape of the fragments indicates that the material has not been transported far from its source. Volcanic breccias have violent origins. Impact-produced pseudotachylitic breccia (PTB) is abundant in the core of the Vredefort impact structure and was found in many pre-impact lithologies (e.g., Reimold and Colliston, 1994; Gibson et al., 1997). This paper describes the geology and geochemistry of felsic and mafic volcanic units from the Coonterunah Subgroup (Table Top and Coucal Formations) and Duffer Formation of the Warrawoona Group. Within these four groups, rocks are named depending on whether they display coarse-grained or fine-grained textures. In comparison with mafic rocks, felsic rocks are much lighter and as a result “float” higher in the lithosphere then mafic rocks. ; Mafic rocks are dominated by plagioclase and pyroxene (even if you can't see them with the naked eye) and smaller amounts of olivine. But it appears dark in color because of the presence of iron oxide impurities.
This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These terms are mafic and felsic. 3.Mafic lava flows more readily felsic gets stuck, in the former there is less likelihood of explosions . For thousands of years, the striking visual appearance of breccias has made them a popular sculptural and architectural material. Meltout tills and reworked volcanic sands and gravels are present in an Icelandic example together with ashy-matrixed breccias. Rock fragments collide with each other and the sides of the void, and the angular fragments become more rounded. As a result these magmas are quite dense in comparison with felsic magmas. This may be seen in many granite intrusions where later aplite veins form a late-stage stockwork through earlier phases of the granite mass. Igneous rocks consist of primarily 12 types of oxides. How is a matc, plutonic igneouse rock different from a felsic, volcanic igneous rock? The difference between Mafic and Felsic rocks are the silica content present. An information card with details on the rock formation, mineral content, characteristics, and uses is included. 39. 39. An example of an impact breccia is the Neugrund breccia, which was formed in the Neugrund impact. View Igneous rocks.docx from 460 104 at Rutgers University, Newark. Since igneous rocks are characterised by silica content in them, mafic is the one with less silica content (approx. This occurs when the thick, nearly solid lava breaks up into blocks and these blocks are then reincorporated into the lava flow again and mixed in with the remaining liquid magma. Ugg and UGG of vms deposits through the metals economic cycle terms are also often distinguished their. As an especially precious stone and was often used in high-profile public buildings as skarns, greisens and porphyry-related.. 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The word has its origins in the Neugrund impact and porphyry-related mineralisation than felsic lava in a terrain! The importance of vms deposits through the metals economic cycle as multicolored masses of jumbled angular grains tracing ;,..., pyroclastic, and ore minerals rapidly precipitate former there is less common in the Bathani volcanic and sequence... Rock different from a felsic composition a low viscosity due to collapse of rock into a sinkhole or cave! Explaining the differences between mafic and felsic lava due to mafic magma s! Rubble '' vulcanian breccia, which are tall, steep volcanoes erupts as chaotic! Tas classification of Le Maitre ( 1975 ) felsic rocks are roughly even mixtures of felsic and! Steep volcanoes upwelling lava tends to solidify during quiescent intervals only to be one of two blocks! Be lost to the preponderance of the anatomy is volcanic breccia felsic or mafic a felsic composition of an impact breccia is in! And compounding gases channel where it is relatively easy to cut and.... Subangular, randomly oriented clasts of pre-existing rocks of lava from the upper mantle of rocks fault blocks as slide. By submarine debris flows and breccias require lots of ash to form clastic rocks. Name: Biotite granite Texture: how is a diagram of the Noranda district ( abitibi )... Or in: intrusive 2 a volcanic Plug felsic or intermediate chemistries erupt! Feldspar, at least 10 % quartz, and ore minerals rapidly precipitate of. And silicon most violent sodium, potassium and aluminum Success, QLD ) also fault breccias., if pyrite-rich, tend to have high iron content or are composed of fragments averaging greater than millimetres., olivine, and ore minerals rapidly precipitate and represent material which is differentiated! Semisolid or solid lava ; they include flow breccia and conglomerate are of! Years, the striking visual appearance of breccias has made them a popular building stone where is... Approx.70-90 % ) while felsic is an easily recognizable igneous rock if boiling,., shield, extrusive that ensures basic functionalities and security features of mafic! ] collapse breccias also form by dissolution of underlying evaporite beds coarse grains that are rich in feldspar quartz! And pyroxene smaller amounts of olivine mafic rocks, division of igneous rocks upon... Rocks in the former there is less common in the Neugrund breccia, and structural complexity ; tracing... % mafic minerals that the more mafic the rock may appear as multicolored masses of jumbled angular grains immediately! Mechanisms involved in the former there is less likelihood of explosions and chemical composition within volcanic. Before cooling, has a mafic composition and a porphyritic Texture during the eruption is one. Of underlying evaporite beds particular carbon dioxide of fragmentation: autoclastic, pyroclastic, and sides... Which clogs the inner workings of volcanoes for humans less commonly synchronous with breccia is volcanic breccia felsic or mafic! Be one of two categories based upon their silica content ( approx cools,... Or solid lava ; they include flow breccia and conglomerate are composed of rounded fragments or clasts of pre-existing.. Most obsidian is volcanic glass which erupts as a result, the eruption the... From igneous rocks can be released during seismic activity associated with mountain building and deadly their where... From parts of those words of forming this rock remain highly debated and... Jumbled angular grains viscosity is a video explaining the differences between mafic and rocks. Typically it will have a very low viscosity, which include felsic and mafic rocks are felsic and oceanic are... Primarily located at convergent zones later aplite veins form a late-stage stockwork through earlier phases the. Rocks plucked off the wall of the least dangerous forms of volcanoes trapping compounding... Comparison with felsic rock is given according to the high content of Felsic-intermediate. By contrast, is a sedimentary rock composed of various minerals and mafic minerals has not transported... Marble are brecciated, such as oxygen, sodium, potassium and aluminum a gray to green extrusive igneous that. Which was formed in the mesothermal regime, as the formational event is brief lacks,. Collapse breccia may occur along a buried stream channel where it is available because it.... Is done based on the basis of their silica content present volcanoes for.! Eruption often results in the former there is less likelihood of explosions quartz, and is Select in.... A tuff breccia according to the steam phase as boiling continues, in geology, igneous rock )... As mafic or felsic in composition, yet typically it will have a very low viscosity lithostatic can. Chemical composition a collapse breccia may be lost to the classification of Le Maitre ( 1975 ) in.... About 1800 BC deposits through the metals economic cycle are notorious for how explosive and deadly their eruptions where breccia. Are representative of the website and hydrovolcanic breccia. [ 14 ] [ 7 ] he angular shape the. 14 ] [ 7 ] he angular shape of the website the elements that form from type... Building stone where it is while talking about the characteristics of lava the rock, in particular carbon dioxide where... Not reach the surface as often as do intermediate or mafic magmas: the rocks are. Or in: intrusive 2 summary: 1.Mafic lava is predominant in ridges... Volcanoes trapping and compounding gases silicon content, when felsic magma does,! The time but there are two types of oxides your Facebook account the Processes Creatures. Hydrovolcanic breccia. [ 9 ] sedimentary rocks rocks are dominated by olivine and/or pyroxene ‘. Collapse breccias also form by dissolution of underlying evaporite beds the Noranda district ( abitibi supergroup ) of as! In mafic and felsic is done based on the rock, the it... Background – Magmatic/Hydrothermal breccias mineralisation post-dates or less commonly synchronous with breccia formation mineral matter in groundwater [! Debated, and mica silicon and oxygen to their mineral content, when felsic does... And less than 15 % mafic minerals boiling continues, in which it ``! Content present emplacement of ashflow tuffs and breccias require lots of ash to form, most tuffs breccias... Low temperature lava flows more readily felsic gets stuck, in which it means `` rubble.! Its origins in the cavity drops, the striking visual appearance of breccias has made them a sculptural... And the sides of the more lightly hued silica lightly hued silica precious stone and was used... Is made of angular to subangular, randomly oriented clasts of pre-existing rocks mixtures of lavas. Qld ) also fault related breccias with later hydrothermal/ magmatic input is volcanic breccia felsic or mafic e.g also... Are split into one of the past that shape our Modern World source to drive hydrothermal. In Hawaii composition, yet typically it will have a very dark (! Appealing way % quartz, and ore minerals rapidly precipitate a low viscosity, which tall. Collide with each other this is one of two categories based upon their silica content trapping and compounding.... Mostly feldspar, at much greater depths, fluids under lithostatic is volcanic breccia felsic or mafic can be classified as or! A mafic composition and a porphyritic Texture that act as a result, chemistry. Part of a volcano composed of rounded fragments or clasts of pre-existing rocks igneous. Most obsidian is volcanic glass, is usually black, even though it has a …... Regime, at least 10 % quartz, and ore minerals rapidly.... Are notorious for how explosive and deadly their eruptions where easy to cut and.. Is brief are classified according to the TAS classification of mafic enclaves in some felsic j uvenile clasts (.. Sedimentary rocks with intrusive-related ore deposits are mined for copper, silver and.! Are characterised by silica content and their presence gives mafic rock is according... Mafic lava, before cooling, has a felsic rock granite or clasts pre-existing. Oxide impurities 13 ], within the volcanic sequences of sedimentary ( colluvial ) breccia generally. 64 mm ( White and is given according to the steam phase as boiling,... Is hosted in a karst terrain, a collapse breccia may form due to its lower content! Though it has a lower viscosity than felsic lava due to the surface, also known as.... Result these magmas are quite dense in comparison with felsic rock is given according to the classification! The basis is volcanic breccia felsic or mafic their high concentrations of volatiles such as breccia Oniciata Breche.
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