Naming Covalent Compounds Covalent Compounds Unlike ionic compounds, which usually have a metal cation, covalent compounds are made of nonmetals. such as1=mono2=di3=triplease finish the rest. "Mono" is not used to name the first element. Ok, let’s use our covalent naming rule to name some covalent compounds. 1: Mono-2: Di-3: Tri-4: Tetra-5: Penta-6: Hexa-7: Hepta-8: Octa-9: Nona-10: Deca-To begin naming, identify the number of atoms of the first element in the compound. First, identify the elements present. Rules for Naming Molecular Compounds. Please note that ionic compounds (Type I & II binary compound names) never use prefixes to specify how many times an element is present. Write the formula for each binary covalent compound. Remember, it’s only the final o or a.So, the name of ClO 2 will be chlorine dioxide, and no vowels are dropped. The prefix mono is never used for naming the first element of a compound. A covalent compound is the combination of non-metals. The element farthest to the left in the periodic table is usually named first. 3 Properties of Covalent Compounds. Binary covalent compounds—that is, covalent compounds that contain only two elements—are named using a procedure similar to that used to name simple ionic compounds, but prefixes are added as needed to indicate the number of atoms of each kind.The procedure, diagrammed in Figure 6.1.1, uses the following steps: Rules for Naming Covalent Compounds. The prefixes are used to indicate the amount of each atom in the compound. Prefixes are only used for covalent compounds formed from non-metal elements.. Common Acid and Anion Names. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Place prefixes in front of each element based on the number of atoms present. Identify the number of each type of atom in the chemical formula and then use Table 2.6 "Prefixes for Indicating the Number of Atoms in Chemical Names" to determine the prefixes needed. This chemistry video tutorial explains the process of naming covalent molecular compounds with prefixes. When naming covalent compounds, prefixes must be used to identify the number of atoms. The first element is named first, using the elements name. 2. Naming these types of compounds is usually a matter of knowing the names of the atoms in the molecule as well as the number of each atoms. In chemistry, a molecule is covalent when it is formed from bonds between nonmetals. Normally, no prefix is added to the first element’s name if there is only one atom of the first element in a molecule. The non-metal closest to the left of the periodic table goes first and keeps its name 2. If not, decide whether to use the common name or the systematic name. What are the prefixes in naming covalent compounds? Second element is named as an Anion (suffix "-ide"), 3. The procedure, diagrammed in Figure 2.13 consists of the following steps: Figure 2.13 Naming a Covalent Inorganic Compound. A Compound is any substance composed of two or more DIFFERENT elements. Why or why not? We'll learn how to write names for compounds that are made of two nonmetals, sometimes called binary compounds. If two or more elements are in the same group, start with the bottom element and work up. Acids are compounds containing an ionizable proton (H +), since an acid is a proton donor (a hydrogen atom which has lost its electron). Remember, ionic compounds are metal combined with a non-metal. Naming covalent compounds involves the use of Greek prefixes. The prefix mono- (“one”) is used only when absolutely necessary to avoid confusion, just as the subscript 1 is omitted when writing molecular formulas. 1. Title: Naming Covalent Compounds 1 Naming Covalent Compounds. 10. [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncsa", "program:hidden" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/2/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FGeneral_Chemistry%2FBook%253A_Chemistry_(Averill_and_Eldredge)%2F03%253A_Chemical_Reactions%2F3.6%253A_Naming_Covalent_Compounds, Table 2.6 "Prefixes for Indicating the Number of Atoms in Chemical Names", Chapter 7 "The Periodic Table and Periodic Trends", Chapter 8 "Ionic versus Covalent Bonding. For example, a molecule of chlorine trifluoride, ClF 3 contains 1 atom of chlorine and 3 atoms of fluorine. Covalent inorganic compounds are named using a procedure similar to that used for ionic compounds, whereas hydrocarbons use a system based on the number of bonds between carbon atoms. The simplest organic compounds are the hydrocarbons , which contain only carbon and hydrogen. The element with the lower group number is written first in the name; the element with the higher group number is written second in the name. A Molecule is any substance composed of two or more atoms COVALENTLY BONDED. Generally Low Melting and Boiling Points Naming Covalent Compounds Solutions Write the formulas for the following covalent compounds: 1) antimony tribromide SbBr3 2) hexaboron silicide B6Si 3) chlorine dioxide ClO2 4) hydrogen iodide HI 5) iodine pentafluoride IF5 6) dinitrogen trioxide N2O3 7) ammonia NH3 8) phosphorus triiodide PI3 Write the names for the following covalent compounds: Missed the LibreFest? Here are the prefixes most often used in covalent compounds: mono=1 di=2 tri=3 tetra=4 penta=5 hexa=6 hepta=7 octa=8 nona=9 deca=10. Note: when the addition of the Greek prefix places two vowels adjacent to one another, the "a" (or the "o") at the end of the Greek prefix is usually dropped; e.g., "nonaoxide" would be written as "nonoxide", and "monooxide" would be written as "monoxide". Table 2.6 Prefixes for Indicating the Number of Atoms in Chemical Names. It may seem that the compositions and structures of such compounds are entirely random, but this is not true. Explain your reasoning. Another system of naming is needed. The second element is named by taking the stem of the element name and adding the suffix -ide. Write the name for both elements. 11. For example, CO is carbon monoxide. ” mono-” indicates one, “di-” indicates two, “tri-” is three, “tetra-” is four, “penta-” is five, and “hexa-” is six, “hepta-” is seven, “octo-” is eight, “nona-” is nine, and “deca” is ten. Name the non-metal furthest to the left on the periodic table by its elemental name. Binary covalent compounds—covalent compounds that contain only two elements—are named using a procedure similar to that used for simple ionic compounds, but prefixes are added as needed to indicate the number of atoms of each kind. You're comfortable naming covalent or molecular compounds and writing their formulas. The order of the elements in the name of BrF3, bromine trifluoride, is determined by the fact that bromine lies below fluorine in Group 17. Prefixes are added according to the molecular formula. A system of numerical prefixes is used to specify the number of atoms in a molecule. For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. 6. Name the other non-metal by its elemental name and an -ide ending. Is the compound NaHCO3 a hydrocarbon? The Learning Objective of this Module is to name covalent compounds that contain up to three elements. The prefix mono is never used for naming the first element of a compound. , Naming Covalent Compounds Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Polyatomic Ions Naming with Polyatomic Ions Naming with Roman Numerals Formula Writing Naming Acids. Covalent compounds are compounds in which electrons are shared between two atoms, instead of given or taken. Prefixes derived from Greek stems are used to indicate the number of each type of atom in the formula unit (Table 2.6 "Prefixes for Indicating the Number of Atoms in Chemical Names"). To describe the composition of a chemical compound. Write the name of each binary covalent compound. 2. NO2 is nitrogen(IV) oxide and N2O4 is nitrogen(IV) oxide. Why is Al2O3 is named aluminum oxide without prefixes? For each structural formula, write the condensed formula and the name of the compound. Identify the number of each type of atom present. The following general formulas represent specific classes of hydrocarbons. The only exception is binary compounds of oxygen … Figure 2.14 The Structures of Some Covalent Inorganic Compounds and the Locations of the “Central Atoms” in the Periodic Table. For each structural formula, write the condensed formula and the name of the compound. Second, look at the subscript of each element to determine which prefix to use. Start with the element at the far left in the periodic table and work to the right. In the covalent naming system, the prefixes indicate the quantity of the atom. Covalent inorganic compounds are named by a procedure similar to that used for ionic compounds, using prefixes to indicate the numbers of atoms in the molecular formula. Second element is named as an Anion (suffix "-ide") 3. For example, dihydrogen monoxide indicates that there are two hydrogens and one oxygen atom in every molecule. A List the elements in order according to their positions in the periodic table. google_ad_client = "pub-0644478549845373"; The sum of the masses of the atoms in each empirical formula is approximately the same. eg. Why or why not? What species are present in benzene vapor? Refer to Table 2.7 "The First 10 Straight-Chain Alkanes" and Table 2.8 "Some Common Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen" and Figure 2.16 and identify the classes. What distinguishes an aromatic hydrocarbon from an aliphatic hydrocarbon? If you're unsure of yourself, you can review the nomenclature rules and prefixes for covalent compounds. Rules for naming simple covalent compounds: 1. The structures of some of the compounds in Example 8 and Example 9 are shown in Figure 2.14 along with the location of the “central atom” of each compound in the periodic table. Steps to Naming Covalent Compounds. List the elements in the same order as in the formula, use Table 2.6 "Prefixes for Indicating the Number of Atoms in Chemical Names" to identify the number of each type of atom present, and then indicate this quantity as a subscript to the right of that element when writing the formula. The prefix. 2. 7. For example, CO is carbon monoxide. For example, N2O4 is "dinitrogen tetroxide." (The reasons for this convention will become clear in, Sulfur has no prefix, which means that each molecule has only one sulfur atom. Naming Covalent Compounds • When naming Covalent Compounds follow these IUPAC rules: 1. 9. 2. In naming covalent compounds, each element in a covalent compounds needs a prefix to denote the number of atoms of that element. For example, xenon hexafluoride would be written XF 6. B If the compound contains oxygen, follow step 3a. 3. Can an inorganic compound be classified as a hydrocarbon? As with ionic compounds, the system for naming covalent compounds enables chemists to write the molecular formula from the name and vice versa. The first element in the formula is simply listed using the name of the element. Naming Binary Covalent Compounds. Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. 3. Fill in the table with the correct number. Binary compounds of the elements with oxygen are generally named as “element oxide,” with prefixes that indicate the number of atoms of each element per formula unit. VIDEO Covalent Naming Examples 1. In general, the prefix mono- is rarely used. Table 4.1 “Numerical Prefixes for Naming Binary Covalent Compounds” lists these numerical prefixes. (If an element does not have a prefix, assume that the subscript is “1.” Third, apply the above naming scheme. 1. According to naming rules, the types of compound that use prefixes in their names are (C) polyatomic ions. 2. Rules. 1. ; The final o or a of a prefix is often dropped when the element begins with a vowel. Place the elements in their proper order. They are listed in the table to the right. Have questions or comments? Second element is written with an –ide ending. Thus N, Binary compounds of the elements with oxygen are generally named as “element oxide,” with prefixes that indicate the number of atoms of each element per formula unit. Covalent compounds have a completely different naming system than ionic compounds. The "i" at the end of the prefixes "di-" and "tri-" are never dropped. Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Example 1 – Name this compound: CO 2. The second non-metal element is named with the suffix “-ide” 3. When naming molecular compounds prefixes are used to dictate the number of a given element present in the compound. Using R to represent an alkyl or aryl group, show the general structure of an. Prefixes are used to show how many atoms of each element are present in the compound . ***All binary compounds, both ionic and covalent end in –ide. prefixes used in naming elements in covalent compounds. Start studying Covalent Compound Prefixes 1-10. 1. Watch the recordings here on Youtube! From here, it's a good idea to know the properties of covalent compounds. Step 3 – Indicate the number of each type of atom in the covalent compound using Greek prefixes. RULES FOR NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS 1. Romans numerals can be used but often fail to distinguish between some molecular compounds. First, notice that the compound is … Rules for Covalent Compounds. After mastering the material in Chapter 7 "The Periodic Table and Periodic Trends" and Chapter 8 "Ionic versus Covalent Bonding," one is able to predict the compositions and structures of compounds of this type with a high degree of accuracy. Sometimes the “ a ” on the end of the prefixes, like pent a or oct a, will be omitted. 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