2.0.Introduction; 2.1. People have believed that animals can predict earthquakes and other natural disasters for centuries. Many of their properties can be explained by a wave theory: periodically varying electric and magnetic fields (electromagnet waves). Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of 3.0 × 10 8 m/s, which is the speed of light (denoted by c ). It also is a spectrum consisting of radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. To understand the interaction that the EMR undergoes before it reaches the sensor, we need to understand the nature of EMR ! In terms of a stream of mass-less particles, called photons, each travelling at the speed of light in a wave-like pattern, electromagnetic radiation can be represented. Use Siyavula Practice to get the best marks possible. Sign up now. However it can be said that they exhibit no special understanding, they just flee as would any person hearing a shout of fire. Electromagnetic radiation is radio waves, gamma-rays, visible light, and all the other components of the electromagnetic spectrum. 21.2: The Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation, [ "article:topic", "frequency", "Planck\'s constant", "constructive interference", "destructive interference", "authorname:chemprime", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncsa" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/2/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FGeneral_Chemistry%2FBook%253A_ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al. The energy is \(\text{2} \times \text{10}^{-\text{15}}\) \(\text{J}\). Quantum mechanics was born from the research of Einstein, Planck, de Broglie, Neils Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, and others who attempted to explain how electromagnetic radiation can display what has now been termed duality, or both particle-like and wave-like behavior. When destructive interference occurs between two waves which have the same amplitude, the resultant wave has zero amplitude (and zero intensity). 02.26 Line Spectrum of Hydrogen 2.26 Line Spectrum of Hydrogen. The Number of waves that pass by a point given a certain period of time. Home Explore Plus. Key Ideas and Terms Notes Define frequency. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch ® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. In the case of destructive interference a maximum in one wave and a minimum in the other reach the same point at the same time. Electromagnetic nature of radiations is explained by James Maxwell (1870). So we know that light has properties of waves. We use this information to present the correct curriculum and However, photons have some properties which are very different from those of electrons and other particles. Thus electromagnetic radiation has the same kind of wave-particle duality we encountered in the case of the electron. Particle-like nature e.g. 02.23 Particle Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation: Numericals 2.23 Particle Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation - Numericals 02.24 Evidence for the quantized Electronic Energy Levels: Atomic Spectra We cannot slow down a photon or stop it without changing it into something else. The theory of electromagnetic radiation was given by Scottish scientist Sir James Clerk Maxwell in the early 1870s. Scientists from the California Institute of Technology have noted that there are many changes preceding earthquakes such as tilting of the Earth. X-rays - Electromagnetic radiation having a frequency just above the ultraviolet (but below the gamma) range is classified as X-rays, and is energetic enough to pass easily through many materials, including the soft tissues of animals. Convincing evidence of the particle nature of electromagnetic radiation was found in 1922 by the American physicist Arthur Holly Compton. where mv is the momentum p Until this time, models of electromagnetic radiation predicted that the energy of light should depend on its amplitude, or intensity, but could not explain the dependence on frequency. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. i.e. Physics Theory . If wavelengths are given instead of frequencies, the formula E = hc/λ may be obtained by combining Equations \(\ref{1}\) and \(\ref{2}\). We also know the relationship between wavelength and frequency, the equation for wave speed. Calculate the energy of a photon with a frequency of \(\text{3} \times \text{10}^{\text{18}}\) \(\text{Hz}\). The dual wave and particle nature of electromagnetic radiation is described. Planck's constant is a physical constant named after Max Planck. Contrarily, wave nature is prominent when seen in the field of propagation of light. The beta particles are a form of ionizing radiation also known as beta rays. From radio waves to gamma rays, light delivers radio and TV and can destroy DNA or pass right through us. These fields are transmitted in the forms of waves called electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic radiation. These fields are transmitted in the forms of waves called electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic nature of radiations is explained by James Maxwell (1870). As early as 373 B.C., historians recorded a massive exodus of animals, including rats, snakes and weasels, from the Greek city of Helice days before a quake struck causing massive devastation. de Broglie wavelength. Describe one type of evidence for the particle nature of EM radiation. Jan 05, 2021 - Wave Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation, Absorption Class 11 Notes | EduRev is made by best teachers of JEE. unit of frequency ( ν) is hertz (Hz, s −1 ). Electromagnetic radiation travels in a waveform at a constant speed. We can substitute this into the equation for the energy of a photon, \(E = hf\), allowing us to deduce: The energy of the photon is \(\text{9,39} \times \text{10}^{-\text{10}}\) \(\text{J}\). Because the speed of EM waves predicted by the wave equation coincided with the measured speed of light, Maxwell concluded that light itself is an EM wave. Such changes are usually detrimental to living systems, and materials such as lead are used to shield humans from sources of high-energy radiation. He suggested that when electrically charged particles move with an acceleration alternating electrical and magnetic fields are produced and transmitted. There are two basic types of radiation. What is the energy of an ultraviolet photon with a wavelength of \(\text{200}\) \(\text{nm}\)? Charge to Mass Ratio of Electron; 2.1.3. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. For the first time, Max. A quantum of electromagnetic … FQ: In what ways do electrons act as particles and waves? 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